The ISO 9001 standard defines Customer Satisfaction as a customer’s perception of the degree to which their requirements have been fulfilled.
Here are three different models used to reach an aggregate measure of customer satisfaction with a company, or CSAT:
Average CSAT
One model is to survey customers on their overall satisfaction with a company’s goods and services. In this model the average of all of the customers scores becomes the CSAT for the company.
CSAT on Dimensions of Satisfaction
Another option is to define dimensions that are considered drivers of satisfaction e.g.: timeliness of delivery, friendliness of staff, product quality, product design, pricing, etc. and measure satisfaction with each dimension. The aggregate score or index can then be calculated as a weighted average of these sub scores. This assumes one knows the weight of each driver in driving actual customer satisfaction and behavior.
A better approach–and one way to uncover possible sources of dissatisfaction–is to use this in conjunction with the overall company CSAT score. After forming hypotheses on the possible drivers of satisfaction, and calculating CSAT score along these attributes, one would try to correlate these subscores with the overall CSAT above.
CSAT at Customer Journey Points
Rather than scoring along a set of products or services characteristics, a third model scores customer interactions along the buyer’s journey. This is based on the idea that customer satisfaction is impacted at each customer touchpoint throughout the journey. Mckinsey’s view is that measuring satisfaction on customer journeys is 30 percent more predictive of overall customer satisfaction than measuring happiness for each individual interaction.
